Dental surgery: procedure, causes, and tips for optimal wound healing
Surgical procedures in the oral cavity - from simple tooth extractions to more complex operations - are part of everyday life in modern dental clinics. They are often necessary to eliminate inflammation, relieve pain, or prevent long-term damage to teeth and jaws. The success of the treatment depends not only on the procedure itself, but also on proper aftercare and a mindful approach to wound healing. Our dentists will professionally guide you through all phases of this process. When is dental surgery necessary? Common reasons for surgical dental treatment include the removal of wisdom teeth, severely damaged molars, or severely inflamed teeth that can no longer be saved. In the case of inflamed teeth in particular, prompt removal is medically advisable, as otherwise the inflammation can spread further throughout the body. Teeth are considered severely damaged when, in addition to the enamel, the dentin and tooth nerve are also affected—for example, due to advanced caries or accidents. Other surgical procedures include root tip resections, cyst removals, or the insertion of dental implants. In our clinics, such procedures are performed routinely and with the utmost care—supported by modern diagnostics, digital processes, and a comprehensive aftercare concept. If necessary, we can also advise you on the appropriate treatment with dentures or implants. Behavior and pain management in the first 24 hours Immediately after tooth extraction, the body begins its natural wound healing process. A protective blood clot forms, closing the wound and preventing bacteria from entering. To support this important healing mechanism, you should refrain from rinsing, sucking (e.g., with straws), or vigorous gargling. Stable wound closure is crucial for smooth regeneration. In the first 24 hours, specific measures help minimize swelling and discomfort: cooling the affected side of the face should be done intermittently (10 minutes of cooling, 10 minutes of rest) and keeping the head slightly elevated helps as well. Physical exertion, saunas, hot baths, and intense sun exposure should be avoided. It is also advisable to sleep in an elevated position at night to avoid pressure on the wound. Anti-inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen or paracetamol are usually recommended for pain management. These should be taken before the local anesthetic wears off, if possible. Acetylsalicylic acid (e.g., in Aspirin) should be avoided as it inhibits blood clotting and increases the risk of secondary bleeding. If you take medication regularly, please inform your dentist early enough so that any possible interactions can be ruled out at an early stage. Wound healing process – an overview of the four phases Wound healing after dental surgery proceeds in four distinct phases: Exudative phase (0–3 days): The blood clot closes the wound and the immune system begins to defend against potential pathogens. Proliferative phase (4–14 days): New tissue (granulation tissue) forms, and small blood vessels grow into the wound. Reparative phase (2–6 weeks): The mucous membrane regenerates, and initial bone formation begins. Remodeling phase (up to 6 months): The bone becomes completely stabilized and adapts to the load over the long term. A good understanding of these phases helps to support healing in a targeted manner—our practice team will be happy to answer any questions you may have about the individual healing time. How you can actively support regeneration Nutrition and micronutrients – promoting healing from within An adjusted diet is helpful in the first few days after the procedure: soft, cool, and non-irritating foods such as soups, mashed potatoes, oatmeal, or soft vegetables are well tolerated. Spicy, hot, or crumbly foods should be avoided. Drink plenty of fluids – but without a straw to avoid negative pressure in the mouth. A balanced supply of nutrients can also support regeneration: Vitamin C promotes collagen formation, Zinc strengthens the immune system, Protein supports cell regeneration. In certain cases, it may be advisable to take vitamin and trace element supplements – please seek individual advice on this. Smoking, alcohol, and medication – possible risks Nicotine and alcohol significantly interfere with wound healing. Ideally, you should refrain from smoking for at least 72 hours – if you are a regular smoker, targeted aftercare may be advisable. Studies show that smokers have an increased risk of complications such as alveolar osteitis (also called dry socket, more on this below in the article). If you are taking blood-thinning medication or suffer from chronic conditions such as diabetes, please discuss with your treatment team at an early stage whether special precautions are necessary. In certain cases – for example, if you have a weakened immune system – accompanying antibiotic therapy may also be recommended. Dealing with stitches and sutures Whether sutures need to be removed or dissolve on their own depends on the material used. Traditional sutures can usually be removed after 7 to 10 days. Self-dissolving sutures dissolve on their own after about two to three weeks. In any case, please do not pull on them and treat the wound area carefully when brushing your teeth. Wound healing disorders: recognizing causes and symptoms in good time Occasionally, despite all precautions, a wound healing disorder may occur. Common causes include smoking, poor oral hygiene, pre-existing conditions, or premature loss of the protective blood clot. In such cases, a so-called alveolitis sicca, also known as dry socket, may occur. Typical signs: Severe, sharp pain starting from around the third day after the procedure Unpleasant taste in the mouth or bad breath A conspicuous open wound without visible blood clots If you notice these symptoms, it is important to have them checked by your dentist as soon as possible to ensure the best possible healing. Our team will of course be there to support you in such situations. Symptoms and recommended action Slight swelling, feeling of pressure: normal within the first three days Recommendation: regular cooling, rest Post-operative bleeding: possible initially Recommendation: keep mouth still, apply swab Sharp pain from day 3 onwards: not normal - visit dentist Bad breath, unpleasant taste: warning sign - check-up at dentist recommended Fever, pus, severe redness: not normal - immediate medical examination necessary When can I resume normal activities? Many patients wonder after what time they can resume their daily routine after dental surgery. Here is a rough guide: Light activities such as reading, working on the computer, short walks: usually possible from the first day after the procedure Everyday work: Depending on the procedure and the patient's state of health, normal work is possible from the second day onwards if it involves office work or sales activities. For physically demanding work (e.g., manual labor, nursing, catering), the time off should be longer Sports activities: After 7 days at the earliest. Physical exertion should be increased slowly, preferably in consultation with the treating dentist Complete bone healing: 6–12 weeks; only after this time will the area in the jaw be completely stable and able to bear weight again If you want to be on the safe side, seek individual advice before returning to work or sports - our dentists will be happy to help you. Professional support – for smooth healing Even though most dental surgeries go smoothly, it can be a good idea for certain risk groups to talk about a personalized healing plan beforehand. For example, anyone who regularly takes blood-thinning medication, suffers from diabetes, or has experienced wound healing problems after surgery in the past should discuss this with their dentist at an early stage. In our practices, every dental operation is carefully planned. We offer modern diagnostic procedures and comprehensive information on aftercare. Should healing be delayed, targeted therapy options are available – from local cleaning and painkillers to structured long-term observation. ❓ Frequently asked questions (FAQ) about wound healing after dental surgery How long does wound healing take after dental surgery? The mucous membrane usually heals within 7 to 14 days. Complete bone healing can take up to six months. What can I eat after a tooth extraction? We particularly recommend soft foods such as soups, mashed potatoes, or porridge. Avoid hot, spicy, or crumbly foods. We also advise against yogurt or other dairy products, as these can slightly increase the risk of infection, interact with antibiotics, and potentially impair wound healing. When can I resume sports activities after dental surgery? Usually after seven days at the earliest. The level of activity should be increased slowly – ideally after consulting your dentist. What is the best way to reduce swelling after dental surgery? Regular cooling with a cooling pad wrapped in a cloth – cool for 10 minutes, then take a 10-minute break. How can I recognize a wound healing disorder? Typical signs are persistent pain from day three onwards, bad breath, or an open wound without a blood clot. In this case, we recommend that you visit your dentist immediately. Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27017181/ https://epaper.zwp-online.info/epaper/388/export-article/92 https://www.dgzmk.de/documents/10165/1430990/Verhaltensregeln%20nach%20operativen%20Eingriffenim%20Mund-%20und%20Kieferbereich/3217d720-3d1d-43ea-9ad8-9c2b42c83920 https://www.dgzmk.de/documents/10165/1430990/Operative%20Entfernung%20von%20Weisheitsz%C3%A4hnen/f5d1afbd-88b3-4882-9f37-13d3de0df6b5 https://www.blend-a-dent.de/de-de/ratschlaege-tipps/vorbereitung-auf-zahnersatz/ablauf-der-zahnextraktion
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